And now we are really afraid that the year will return without summer. Let’s find out what “a year without a summer” means.

A year without summer wouldn’t be new, it already existed! What if it happens again? Let’s see what this means first.

Also known as the Year of Poverty, That was 1816a year in which extreme summer weather anomalies destroyed crops in northern Europe, the northeastern US states, and eastern Canada.
Today it is believed that these climatic anomalies were caused by…tambora volcano eruption, On an island Sumbawa From the current Indonesia, It occurred from April 5 to 15, 1815, An eruption that released large amounts of volcanic ash into the upper atmosphere. As is common after large volcanic eruptions, global temperatures have dropped because sunlight has difficulty passing through the atmosphere.
Intertwined with this were two other important phenomena in that period: dalton minimum, Where it is believed that the sun gave less energy and the so-called Little Ice Age (still ongoing at that time), i.e. the phase of general cooling of the planet that continued from the Middle Ages until 1850.

Don’t worry, there have been no volcanic eruptions, the sun is still working fine and we are clearly not in an ice age!
But be careful: it has been raining almost every day for several days, especially in the north, and after a short heatwave the cold weather has returned! But what is happening in the Western Hemisphere? And above all: will there also be consequences next summer? To understand what to expect, we must, as usual, analyze seasonal forecasts that give us an overview of the expected rainfall and temperatures for the coming months.
Moreover, we must broaden our view of the entire global climate system, with a particular focus on what will happen in the Pacific.

Two important events alternate in this area: Nina And El Nino: They are large-scale phenomena, observed over the surface of the tropics and the central and eastern Pacific Ocean and capable of influencing global atmospheric and climatic conditions, respectively. Abnormal heating And Abnormal cooling.
The names of these two phenomena seem a bit funny, but in fact the reason is easily explained El Nino this means “Child” In Spanish, in fact, the thermal anomaly generally reaches its peak in the period of Holy Christmas, that is, specifically the period of the birth of the child Jesus. The entry is in Spanish because it affects Spanish-speaking areas after Colombian colonization. No Nina It is nothing more than the opposite of the El Niño phenomenon.
It is therefore a matter of cooling and warming of the ocean surface respectively. During one of the episodes Nina Water is produced from 1/3°C cooler, while… In stages Nino I am from 1/3°C warmer Therefore, global average temperatures also tend to rise

Meanwhile, what we do know is that the US Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), which deals with ocean and atmospheric dynamics, has just announced that surface waters in the Pacific Ocean are warming beyond expectations, triggering the phenomenon known as The El Niño phenomenon is expected to be exceptional this year.
Although the El Niño phenomenon in general typically causes global temperatures to rise, Right now, the Mediterranean summer is going fast And not a little, in complete contrast to the global warming trend that has been in the spotlight for some time.
In the next few weeks we will see whether the configuration changes or not.